| Abstract : | The subject of my thesis focuses on current concerns about the promotion of sustainable human development and is titled "HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN POOR COUNTRIES: THE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE IN CONGO". The context of its development is characterized by the need to accelerate progress towards sustainable human development more in line with the country's potential.The purpose of my work is to present an analysis of the effects of climate change on the environment and development, the chosen gateway being the MDGs. It has been established that climate change is responsible for stress / excess water and food insecurity in areas of high ecological risk, the threat and extinction of animal and plant species, soil degradation and environmental degradation and the accentuation of certain pathologies. The detrimental effects of climate change are already evident. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and devastating. Developing countries increasingly vulnerable. In a nutshell, climate change is able to reverse efforts to achieve human development and eradicate poverty.Human development, a concept promoted by the United Nations Development Program since 1990, is defined as the process of expanding the opportunities for individuals to lead long and healthy lives, to acquire knowledge and to gain access to the resources necessary to have a decent standard of living. In the absence of these fundamental opportunities, many other opportunities remain unattainable. However, human development does not stop there. Other potentialities to which individuals attach great value range from political, economic and social freedoms to the possibility of expressing creativity or productivity, personal dignity and respect for human rights. (UNDP, 1990 and 1995).To parameterize the assessment of human development, the Human Development Index (HDI) was developed, as well as a range of other indicators that can measure specific dimensions of human development and later, to reflect the issues of human development and inequality. However, none of these indices include environmental indicators. Subsequently came the concept of sustainable human development, which in addition to the dimensions already mentioned, considers the need to take into account intergenerational interests. It is a question of considering the process of widening the possibilities offered to the present generations, without concealing or hindering those of future generations. From this perspective, environmental and equity issues are at the heart of the concept of sustainable human development. It is in this logic that the Millennium Development Goals of the Millennium Declaration adopted by the Heads of State and Government of the world should be placed at the Millennium Summit under the auspices of the United Nations. United Nations in New York in September 2000. The MDGs are a set of indicators with measurable targets for monitoring progress made by humankind in the implementation of the Millennium Declaration. They include an environmental target that links indicators of human and monetary poverty to indicators of environmental protection and management.My research continues on the analysis of the various human development indicators, including the MDGs, in relation to the impact of climate change on them. The macroeconomic indicators of the Republic of Congo show an annual rate of high economic growth since the end of the wars (1999) and significant budgetary resources due to the high oil prices over a long period. Paradoxically, this favorable performance of the economy did not result in a clear improvement in human development indicators. Thus, the incidence of income poverty remains high (50.7% in 2005), even though this level is lower than that recorded in 1990 (70%). Nevertheless, more than one in two Congolese lives below the poverty line of 544.4 FCFA per adult and per day.The general observation is that progress in achieving the MDGs is mixed. The consequences of climate change on the various MDG indicators are then established.
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